Basic Definitions of Chemistry

Basics of Chemistry

Hello friends, welcome to teaching spike. If you want to learn basic definitions of chemistry including matter, substance, element, compound, mixture, homogenous mixture, heterogenous mixture, atom, molecule, monoatomic molecule, diatomic molecule, triatomic molecule, homoatomic molecule, heteroatomic molecule, physical properties, chemical properties, molecular formula, empirical formula, valency, atomic number, atomic mass/mass number, atomic mass unit, ion, cation, anion, molecular ion, free radical, mole then you are on the right place so let's get started.

Basic Definitions of Chemistry

Matter
Substance
Element
Compound
Mixture
Homogenous Mixture
Heterogenous Mixture
Atom
Molecule
Monoatomic Molecule
Diatomic Molecule
Triatomic Molecule
Homoatomic Molecule
Heteroatomic Molecule
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Molecular Formula
Empirical Formula
Valency
Atomic Number 
Atomic Mass/Mass Number
Atomic Mass Unit
Ion
Cation
Anion
Molecular Ion
Free Radical
Mole

Matter:

Matter is just characterized as whatever has mass and consumes space. In chemistry, we study all kinds of substances that can be present in any of the three physical conditions: solids, liquids or gases. 

Substance:

A piece of something in a clean state is called a substance. Everything has a fixed shape and certain symbols or features. 

Element:

An element is a substance which is made up of similar kinds of atoms and which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by simple ordinary chemical methods. 

Compound:

Compound is a substance comprised of at least two components artificially consolidated together in a proper proportion by mass. Because of this mix, components lose their own properties and produce new substances (compounds) that have completely different properties for example sodium chloride and potassium bromide etc. 

Mixture:

When two or more elements or compounds combine without any precision, they form a mixture. When they are mixed, the compounds retain their chemical and structural properties. The mixture can be divided into parental components by physical means such as distillation, filtration, evaporation, crystallization or magnetization. 

Homogenous Mixture:

Compounds which have a similar structure throughout are called homogeneous mixtures e.g. air, gasoline, ice cream etc.  

Heterogenous Mixture:

Heterogeneous mixtures are the ones wherein arrangements isn't uniform throughout e.g. Soil, rock and wooden etc. 

Atom:

An atom is an inseparable, solid, dense circle. Atoms of the same element are equal.

Molecule:

It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently and indicates all of the residences of that compound. It is fashioned by means of the aggregate of atoms. 

Monoatomic Molecule:

A molecule that binds only one atom is called a monoatomic molecule. For example, helium, neon, and argon-free gases are all independent of the atom and are called monoatomic molecules. 

Diatomic Molecule:

If a molecule includes two atoms, it is known as diatomic molecule. For instance: hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine and hydrogen chloride. 

Triatomic Molecule:

When it contains three atoms, it is called a triatomic molecule e.g. water and carbon dioxide. When a molecule contains many atoms, it is called a polyatomic e.g. methane, sulphuric acid and glucose. 

Homoatomic Molecule:

A Molecule containing identical kind of atoms, is referred to as homoatomic molecule. For instance: hydrogen, ozone, sulphur and phosphorus are the examples. 

Heteroatomic Molecule:

When a molecule is composed of different styles of atoms, it is called heteroatomic molecule. For instance, carbon dioxide, water and ammonia. 

Physical Properties:

The properties that are associated with the physical condition of an object are called physical features such as color, aroma, taste, hardness, crystal structure, melting, melting or boiling points, etc. 

Chemical Properties:

Chemical properties depend on the structure of the substance. When an organism changes chemicals, its structure changes and new substances form. For example, water decomposition is a chemical change that produces hydrogen and oxygen gases. 

Molecular Formula:

Molecules are fashioned by way of the mixture of atoms. These molecules are represented with the aid of molecular formulae that display real range of atoms of every detail found in a molecule of that compound. 

Empirical Formula:

The most effective form of system is empirical formula. It is the most effective complete range ratio of atoms present in a compound. The empirical system of a compound is determined via knowing the proportion composition of a compound.

Valency:

The unique feature of the element is valency. It combines the amount of element with other elements. 

Atomic Number:

The atomic number also known as the proton number of an element is the number of protons present in the atomic nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Mass/Mass Number:

The mass number can be defined as the number of number of protons plus the number of neutrons neutrons present in the atomic nucleus of an atom. 

Atomic Mass Unit:

The atomic mass unit can be defined as the unit used for the relative atomic masses is known as atomic mass unit. 

Ion:

An ion can as defined as when an atom loses or gains an electron from its outermost shell(valence shell) it forms an ion. 

Cation:

Cation can be defined as when an atom gains an electron or electrons in its outermost shell (valence shell) is called cation.  

Anion:

Anion can be defined as when an atom loses an electron or electrons from its outermost shell (valence shell) is called anion.   

Molecular Ion:

A molecular ion can as defined as when a molecule loses or gains an electron from its outermost shell(valence shell) it forms a molecular ion. 

Free Radical:

Free radicals can be defined as the atoms or group of atoms having odd number of electrons or unpaired electrons. 

Mole:

A mole can be defined as when the atomic mass, molecular mass or formula mass of a substance can be expressed in gram, then it is known as a mole.