Principles and Applications of Treatment and Management of Pollutants

Environmental science

Today we are going to study about soluble salts, inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants, remediation of soluble salts, salinization, sodication, salinity and sodication, remediation of inorganic and organic pollutants, chemical insolubilization, phytoremediation and techniques of phytoremediation including phytoextraction, rhizofilteration, phytodegradation, phytostabilization, rhizostabilization and phytovolatization so let's gets started.

"Home Learning Hub-Great Home Learning For All" 

Principles and Applications of Treatment and Management of Pollutants
Remediation of Soluble Salts
Remediation of Inorganic/organic pollutants
Chemical Insolubilization
Phytoremediation
Techniques of Phytoremediation

Principles and Applications of Treatment and Management of Pollutants:

Soluble Salts:

• Salinity
• Sodicity
• Salinity and sodicity

Inorganic Pollutants:

• Essential heavy metals contamination
• Non-essential heavy metals contamination

Organic Pollutants:

• Pesticide pollution
• Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Halogenated and non-halogenated

Remediation of Soluble Salts:

Salinization:

• Dilution of contaminated water with good quality water considering their appropriate proportion
• Alternate irrigation of contaminated water and good quality water

Sodication:

• Dilution
• Applications of chemicals containing Ca like gypsum, calcium nitrate
• Green manure
• Farm yard manure

Remediation of Inorganic/Organic Pollutants:

1. Soil excavation
2. Soil extraction
3. Chemical insolubilization
4. Phytoremediation
5. Bioremediation or use of farm yard manure or use of organic matter in soils

Chemical Insolubilization:

• Use of competing ions like calcium for most of heavy metals such as use of lime, gypsum and calcium chloride
• Use of complementary anions for precipitation such as use of sulfates, carbonates and sulfides.
• Use of adsorption sites to increase metal adsorption and reducing its bioavailability to plants such as use of organic matter, biochar and minerals constituents.

Phytoremediation:

The term phytoremediation can be defined as use of plants for the extraction of metal or organic pollutants.

Techniques of Phytoremediation:

Phytoextraction:

• The term phytoextraction can be defined as an uptake of a pollutant from the environment that is soil or water into the plant biomass and is sometimes also known as phytoaccumulation.
• In this process, plant roots absorbs contaminants along with other nutrients and water.
• Contaminant mass is'nt destroyed but ends up in plant leaves and shoots.

Rhizofilteration:

• The term rhizofilteration can be defined as filtering water through a mass of roots to remove toxic substances or excess nutrients while the pollutants remain absorbed in or onto the roots.
• Rhizofilteration is the adsorption or precipitation onto plant roots or absorption of pollutants(that are particular in the solution surrounding the root zone)into roots.

Phytodegradation:

• It is the break down of contaminants taken up by plants through metabolic processes within the plant, or breakdown of contaminants external to through effect of compounds such as enzymes produced by the plants

Phytostabilization:

• The term phytostabilization can be defined as reducing the mobility of a substance in the environment by limiting its leaching from the soil.
• In phytostabilization, certain plant species are used to immobilize contaminants in soil or ground water through absorption and accumulation by roots, adsorption onto roots, or precipitation within the root zone of plants(rhizosphere).

Phytostimulation:

• It is also known as rhizodegradation or enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation or plant-assisted bioremediation/degradation.

Phytovolatilization:

• The term phytovolatilization can be defined as the removal of substances from soil or water and their subsequent release into the air by plants.
• It is more suitable for volatile pollutants.
• It is the uptake and transpiration of a contaminant by a plant, with release of contaminated or a modified form of contaminant to atmosphere from plant.

"Home Learning Hub-Great Home Learning For All" 

Principles and Applications of Treatment and Management of Pollutants
Remediation of Soluble Salts
Remediation of Inorganic/organic pollutants
Chemical Insolubilization
Phytoremediation
Techniques of Phytoremediation